NAA meaning in Academic & Science ?

Answer:

What is Nucleic Acid Amplification mean?

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to rapidly make millions to billions of copies (complete copies or partial copies) of a specific DNA sample, allowing scientists to take a very small sample of DNA and amplify it (or a part of it) to a large enough amount to study in detail. PCR was invented in 1983 by the American biochemist Kary Mullis at Cetus Corporation. It is fundamental to many of the procedures used in genetic testing and research, including analysis of ancient samples of DNA and identification of infectious agents. Using PCR, copies of very small amounts of DNA sequences are exponentially amplified in a series of cycles of temperature changes. PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical laboratory research for a broad variety of applications including biomedical research and criminal forensics.

The majority of PCR methods rely on thermal cycling. Thermal cycling exposes reactants to repeated cycles of heating and cooling to permit different temperature-dependent reactions – specifically, DNA melting and enzyme-driven DNA replication. PCR employs two main reagents – primers (which are short single strand DNA fragments known as oligonucleotides that are a complementary sequence to the target DNA region) and a DNA polymerase. In the first step of PCR, the two strands of the DNA double helix are physically separated at a high temperature in a process called nucleic acid denaturation. In the second step, the temperature is lowered and the primers bind to the complementary sequences of DNA. The two DNA strands then become templates for DNA polymerase to enzymatically assemble a new DNA strand from free nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. As PCR progresses, the DNA generated is itself used as a template for replication, setting in motion a chain reaction in which the original DNA template is exponentially amplified.

Almost all PCR applications employ a heat-stable DNA polymerase, such as Taq polymerase, an enzyme originally isolated from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus. If the polymerase used was heat-susceptible, it would denature under the high temperatures of the denaturation step. Before the use of Taq polymerase, DNA polymerase had to be manually added every cycle, which was a tedious and costly process.

Applications of the technique include DNA cloning for sequencing, gene cloning and manipulation, gene mutagenesis; construction of DNA-based phylogenies, or functional analysis of genes; diagnosis and monitoring of genetic disorders; amplification of ancient DNA; analysis of genetic fingerprints for DNA profiling (for example, in forensic science and parentage testing); and detection of pathogens in nucleic acid tests for the diagnosis of infectious diseases.

reference

Full Form	Category
National Anthropological Archives	Academic & Science
N Acetylaspartic acid	Academic & Science
Nucleic Acid Amplification	Academic & Science
National Academy of Arbitrators	Academic & Science
National Alumni Association	Academic & Science
Northwestern Alumni Association	Academic & Science
National Association of Accountants (now Ima)	Accounts and Finance
Narrabri	Airport Code
National Association of Accountants	Business
National Apartment Association	Business
National Aquaculture Association	Business
Naphtalic Acetic Acid	Chemistry
National AfterSchool Association	Community
National Association of Appraisers	Community
Newburyport Art Association	Community
National Aeronautics Association	Community
National Aphasia Association	Community
Newspaper Association of America	Community
National Aerosol Association	Community
National Aeronautic Association	Community
National Auctioneers Association	Community
National Algae Association	Community
Nebraska Arborists Association	Community
Next Available Agent	Computing
Number of Attributes Accesses	Computing
Number of All Associations	Computing
Network Audio Adapter	General
National Apartment	General
North American Arms	General
Not An Answer	General
National Aviation Authority	General
Nevada Alternate Assessment	General
Not Another Acronym	General
Network Attached Audio	General
Negative Alien Agenda	General
North American Aviation	General
N Acetyl Aspartate	General
Northwest Automotive Alliance	General
Nippon Denso Abs Actuator	General
National Automobile Association	General
Norwegian Automobile Association	General
Northern Automotive Alliance	General
National Auto Academy	General
Newera Automotive Academy	General
Nimrokko Animal Army	General
Never Abbreviate Again!	General
Nutrition Academic Award	General
National Aviation Academy	General
not an actuary	General
North America Administrators	General
Network Address Authority	Governmental
Not Army Aviation	Governmental
Neighborhood Assistance Act	Governmental
Newly Accessible Area	Governmental
National Airspace Analysis	Governmental
North American Alliance	Governmental
No Acronym Assigned	Governmental
Network Addressing Authority	Governmental
National Agents Alliance	Governmental
New America Alliance	Governmental
Name Address Authority	Governmental
No Apology Accepted	Internet
Nothing At All	Maths
No apparent abnormalities	Medical
National Autism Association	Medical
Neutron Activation Analysis	Physics Related
Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia	Regional
National Archery Association	Sports
Newton Athletic Association	Sports