NM meaning in Chemistry ?

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What is Non-metal mean?

In chemistry, a nonmetal is a chemical element that usually gains one or more electrons when reacting with a metal and forms an acid when combined with oxygen and hydrogen. At room temperature about half are gases, one (bromine) is a liquid, and the rest are solids. Most solid nonmetals are shiny, whereas bromine is colored, and the remaining gaseous nonmetals are colored or colorless. The solids are either hard and brittle or soft and crumbly, and tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity and have no structural uses (as is the case for nonmetals generally).

There is no universal agreement on which elements are nonmetals; the numbers generally range from fourteen to twenty-three, depending on the criterion or criteria of interest.

Different kinds of nonmetallic elements include, for example, (i) noble gases; (ii) halogens; (iii) elements such as silicon, which are sometimes instead called metalloids; and (iv) several remaining nonmetals, such as hydrogen and selenium. The latter have no widely recognised collective name and are hereafter informally referred to as "unclassified nonmetals". Metalloids have a predominately (weak) nonmetallic chemistry. The unclassified nonmetals are moderately nonmetallic, on a net basis. Halogens, such as bromine, are characterized by stronger nonmetallic properties and a tendency to form predominantly ionic compounds with metals. Noble gases such as xenon are distinguished by their reluctance to form compounds.

The distinction between different kinds of nonmetals is not absolute. Boundary overlaps, including with the metalloids, occur as outlying elements among each of the kinds of nonmetals show or begin to show less-distinct, hybrid-like, or atypical properties.

Although five times more elements are metals than nonmetals, two of the nonmetals—hydrogen and helium—make up about 99% of the observable universe by mass. Another nonmetal, oxygen, makes up almost half of the Earth's crust, oceans, and atmosphere.

Nonmetals largely exhibit a breadth of roles in sustaining life. Living organisms are composed almost entirely of the nonmetals hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen. A near-universal use for nonmetals is in medicine and pharmaceuticals.

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Posted on 09 Jan 2025, this text provides information on Miscellaneous in Chemistry related to Chemistry. Please note that while accuracy is prioritized, the data presented might not be entirely correct or up-to-date. This information is offered for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and should not be considered as a substitute for professional advice.

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