ROS meaning in Chemistry ?

Answer:

What is Reactive Oxygen Species mean?

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from O2. Examples of ROS include peroxides, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and alpha-oxygen.

The reduction of molecular oxygen (O2) produces superoxide (•O−
2), which is the precursor to most other reactive oxygen species:

O2 + e− → •O−
2

Dismutation of superoxide produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2):

2 H+ + •O−
2 + •O−
2 → H2O2 + O2

Hydrogen peroxide in turn may be partially reduced, thus forming hydroxide ions and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), or fully reduced to water:

H2O2 + e− → HO− + •OH2 H+ + 2 e− + H2O2 → 2 H2O

In a biological context, ROS are byproducts of the normal metabolism of oxygen. ROS have roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. ROS are intrinsic to cellular functioning, and are present at low and stationary levels in normal cells. In vegetables, ROS are involved in metabolic processes related to photoprotection and tolerance to various types of stress. However, ROS can cause irreversible damage to DNA as they oxidize and modify some cellular components and prevent them from performing their original functions. This suggests that ROS has a dual role; whether they will act as harmful, protective or signaling factors depends on the balance between ROS production and disposal at the right time and place. In other words, oxygen toxicity can arise both from uncontrolled production and from the inefficient elimination of ROS by the antioxidant system.During times of environmental stress (e.g., UV or heat exposure), ROS levels can increase dramatically. This may result in significant damage to cell structures. Cumulatively, this is known as oxidative stress. The production of ROS is strongly influenced by stress factor responses in plants, these factors that increase ROS production include drought, salinity, chilling, defense of pathogens, nutrient deficiency, metal toxicity and UV-B radiation. ROS are also generated by exogenous sources such as ionizing radiation generating irreversible effects in the development of tissues in both animals and plants.

reference

Full Form	Category
Reed Organ Society	Academic & Science
Route Of Synthesis	Academic & Science
Research Output System	Academic & Science
Robotics Operating System	Academic & Science
Robotic Operating System	Academic & Science
Return Of Saturn	Academic & Science
Rosario	Airport Code
Run On Sale	Business
Return On Sale	Business
Rostelecom Long Distance & Internet	Business
Run Of Schedule	Business
Run On Site	Business
Return On Sales	Business
Red October Resources Limited	Business
Rate of Oxidation	Chemistry
Rate of Sulfation	Chemistry
Radical Oxygen Species	Chemistry
Reactive Oxygen Species	Chemistry
Run Of Site	Community
Room Only to Stand	Community
Riders Of the Storm	Community
Run of Stack	Computer Assembly Language
Remote Operation Services	Computing
Resident Operating System	Computing
Realtime Operating System	Computing
Robot Open Standard	Computing
Read Only Storage	Computing
Run On Server	Computing
Return On Service	Computing
Remote Outputs	Computing
Run On Schedule	Computing
Readout Subsystem	Computing
Replica Optimization Service	Computing
Remote Operating System	Computing
Remote Optimization Service	Computing
Readout Server	Computing
Remote Operations Security	Computing
Record On Silicon	Electronics
Revenue Online Service	General
Review of Symptoms	General
Reports Online System	General
Registry Ordering and Supplement	General
Rites of Spring	General
Ron over Site	General
Rain Or Shine	General
Read Optimized Store	General
Rod Outer Segment	General
Retail Outlet Shopping	General
Reliability and Operations Subcommittee	General
Resource Orchestration Service	General
Roll Over Systems	General
Roll Over Sensor	General
Right Of Speed	General
Roadworthiness Officers	General
Restriction Of Speed	General
Right On Schedule	General
Results Of Sin	General
Reactive Oxygen Stke	General
Rose Of Sharon	General
Raster Output Scanner	General
RAJOSI	Indian Railway Station
Review Of Systems	Medical
Return of Old Symptoms	Medical
Return of Old Symptom	Medical
Rule Out Sepsis	Medical
Reduced Operational Status	Military and Defence
Reconstitution Operational State	Military and Defence
Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina	Regional
Robot Operating System	Softwares
Regulated Oxygen Supply	Space Science
Regulated Oxygen System	Space Science
Removable Overhead Structure	Space Science
Rosman, North Carolina, Spaceflight Tracking Data Network Station	Space Science
Reduced Operating Status	Space Science
Recreation Opportunity Spectrum	Sports
Rookie Online Series	Sports
Race Online Series	Sports
Remote Operations Service	Telecommunication