ECD meaning in Academic & Science ?

Answer:

What is Electronic Civil Disobedience mean?

Electronic civil disobedience (ECD; also known as cyber civil disobedience or cyber disobedience) can refer to any type of civil disobedience in which the participants use information technology to carry out their actions. Electronic civil disobedience often involves computers and the Internet and may also be known as hacktivism. The term "electronic civil disobedience" was coined in the critical writings of Critical Art Ensemble (CAE), a collective of tactical media artists and practitioners, in their seminal 1996 text, Electronic Civil Disobedience: And Other Unpopular Ideas. Electronic civil disobedience seeks to continue the practices of nonviolent-yet-disruptive protest originally pioneered by American poet Henry David Thoreau, who in 1848 published Civil Disobedience.

A common form of ECD is coordination DDoS against a specific target, also known as a virtual sit-in. Such virtual sit-ins may be announced on the internet by hacktivist groups like the Electronic Disturbance Theatre and the borderlands Hacklab.

Computerized activism exists at the intersections of politico-social movements and computer-mediated communication. Stefan Wray writes about ECD:

"As hackers become politicized and as activists become computerized, we are going to see an increase in the number of cyber-activists who engage in what will become more widely known as Electronic Civil Disobedience. The same principals of traditional civil disobedience, like trespass and blockage, will still be applied, but more and more these acts will take place in electronic or digital form. The primary site for Electronic Civil Disobedience will be in cyberspace.

Jeff Shantz and Jordon Tomblin write that ECD or cyber disobedience merges activism with organization and movement building through online participatory engagement:

Cyber disobedience emphasizes direct action, rather than protest, appeals to authority, or simply registering dissent, which directly impedes the capacities of economic and political elites to plan, pursue, or carry out activities that would harm non-elites or restrict the freedoms of people in non-elite communities. Cyber disobedience, unlike much of conventional activism or even civil disobedience, does not restrict actions on the basis of state or corporate acceptance or legitimacy or in terms of legality (which cyber disobedient view largely as biased, corrupt, mechanisms of elites rule). In many cases recently, people and groups involved in online activism or cyber disobedience are also involving themselves in real world actions and organizing. In other cases people and groups who have only been involved in real world efforts are now moving their activism and organizing online as well.

reference

Full Form	Category
Evidence-Centered Design	Academic & Science
Electro Chemical Devices	Academic & Science
Electronic Custom Distributors	Academic & Science
Electronic Check Deposit	Academic & Science
Electronic Civil Disobedience	Academic & Science
Electronic Control Device	Academic & Science
Electric Control Device	Academic & Science
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English Country Dance	Community
Enhanced Color Display	Computing
Exchange Cabling Data	Computing
Electronic Chart Display	Computing
Enhanced Compact Disc	Computing
Equipment Configuration Database	Computing
Embedded Computing Design	Computing
E-Commerce Day	Computing
E-Commerce Directive	Computing
Erdheim Chester Disease	Disease
Expanded Criteria Donors	General
Ergonomic Comfort Design	General
East Coast Dyes	General
Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer	General
East Coast Destuction	General
Electro Charged D***	General
Extreme Cum Deterioration	General
Electronic Chip Detector	General
Endocardial cushion defect	General
Exclusive Creative Direction	General
East Coast Destruction	General
Emergency Communications Department	General
Electronically Controlled Deceleration	General
Expansion Commencement Date	General
Echo Cancelling Duplex	General
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Eshopps Channel Design	General
Enterprise Content Division	General
Equipment Communication Data	General
Eating Creepers Dude	General
Embedix Component Description	General
Electronic Controlled Deceleration	General
Electronic Control Diesel	General
Emissions Control Diesel	General
Electronic Chromatic Device	General
Emission Control Device	General
Edicion Cantos Dorados	General
Enhanced Clean Device	General
Exotic Cars Dubai	General
Electric Controlled Diesel	General
Eco Diesel	General
East Coast Defender	General
Electric Controlled Deceleration	General
Emergency Communications Director	Governmental
Essex County Detective	Governmental
Expanded Criteria Donor	Medical
Extreme Crash Diet	Medical
Exercise Control Directorate	Military and Defence
Engineering Change Decision	Military and Defence
Expected Completion Date	Military and Defence
Early Congestion Detection	Networking
Effect Correspondence Diagram	Softwares
Engineering Control Drawing	Space Science
Estimated Completion Date	Space Science