IV meaning in Computer and Networking ?

Answer:

What is Initialization Vector mean?

In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable (SV) is an input to a cryptographic primitive being used to provide the initial state. The IV is typically required to be random or pseudorandom, but sometimes an IV only needs to be unpredictable or unique. Randomization is crucial for some encryption schemes to achieve semantic security, a property whereby repeated usage of the scheme under the same key does not allow an attacker to infer relationships between (potentially similar) segments of the encrypted message. For block ciphers, the use of an IV is described by the modes of operation.

Some cryptographic primitives require the IV only to be non-repeating, and the required randomness is derived internally. In this case, the IV is commonly called a nonce (number used once), and the primitives (e.g. CBC) are considered stateful rather than randomized. This is because an IV need not be explicitly forwarded to a recipient but may be derived from a common state updated at both sender and receiver side. (In practice, a short nonce is still transmitted along with the message to consider message loss.) An example of stateful encryption schemes is the counter mode of operation, which has a sequence number for a nonce.

The IV size depends on the cryptographic primitive used; for block ciphers it is generally the cipher's block-size. In encryption schemes, the unpredictable part of the IV has at best the same size as the key to compensate for time/memory/data tradeoff attacks. When the IV is chosen at random, the probability of collisions due to the birthday problem must be taken into account. Traditional stream ciphers such as RC4 do not support an explicit IV as input, and a custom solution for incorporating an IV into the cipher's key or internal state is needed. Some designs realized in practice are known to be insecure; the WEP protocol is a notable example, and is prone to related-IV attacks.

reference

Full Form	Category
Integration Validation	Academic & Science
Roman numeral for four (4)	Academic & Science
Instrumental Variables	Academic & Science
Immigration Voice	Associations & Organizations
Irish Volunteers	Associations & Organizations
Mark IV Industries, Inc.	Business
Import Value	Business
Implied Volatility	Business
Intellectual Ventures	Business
Iodine Value	Chemistry
Invalid Veterans	Community
In Vain	Community
Interactive Video	Community
Initialization Vector	Computer and Networking
Integer Value	Computer Assembly Language
Index Variable	Computer Technology
Integrated Vignette	Computing
Industrial Visit	Country Specific
3d Object (open Inventor Format)	File Type
Individual Values	General
Initial V	General
Inner Voice	General
Inherent Value	General
Independent Ventures	General
Intensity Vs	General
Indain Village	General
Inversed Viscera	General
Intuitive Voice	General
Intra Venus	General
Integral Of V	General
Identifying Variable	General
Ivory	General
Isolation Valve	General
Individual Value	General
Information Visualisation	General
Independent Validation	General
itialization Vector	General
Into The Vein	General
4	General
Influences Various	General
Inspired Version	General
Isolated Volume	General
Inclusive Value	General
Instantaneous Values	General
Initial Variant	General
Informed View	General
Imperial Vengeance	General
Initial Value	General
Inter Varsity	General
For Intra Venous	General
Ivan Variklechkov	General
Isle Vista	General
Immigrant Visa	Governmental
In Vertretung	International
In Vorbereitung	International
Im Vorjahr	International
Internet Visualization	Internet
Roman Number 4	Maths
Image Value	Maths
Independent Variable	Maths
Intravenous	Medical
Intervertebral	Medical
Intravascular	Medical
Intravenous Line	Medical
In Vitro	Medical
In Vivo	Medical
International Viewpoint	News & Entertainment
Input Voltage	Physics Related
Isla Vista	Regional
Initial Velocity	Space Science
Integrated Vehicle	Space Science
Interface Volume	Space Science
Intravehicular	Space Science