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The Masoretic Text (MT or 𝕸; Hebrew: נוסח המסורה, romanized: Nusakh haMasora) is the authoritative Hebrew and Aramaic text of the 24 books of the Tanakh in Rabbinic Judaism. The Masoretic Text defines the Jewish canon and its precise letter-text, with its vocalization and accentuation known as the masorah. Referring to the Masoretic Text, mesorah specifically means the diacritic markings of the text of the Hebrew scriptures and the concise marginal notes in manuscripts (and later printings) of the Tanakh which note textual details, usually about the precise spelling of words. It was primarily copied, edited and distributed by a group of Jews known as the Masoretes between the 7th and 10th centuries of the Common Era (CE). The oldest-known complete copy, the Leningrad Codex, dates from the early 11th century CE.
The differences attested to in the Dead Sea Scrolls indicate that multiple versions of the Hebrew Bible already existed by the end of the Second Temple period. Which is closest to a theoretical Urtext is disputed, if such a singular text ever existed at all. The Dead Sea Scrolls, dating to as early as the 3rd century BCE, contained versions of the text that are radically different than today's Hebrew Bible. Manuscript fragments of an ancient manuscript of the Book of Leviticus found near in ancient synagogue's Torah ark in Ein Gedi have been found that have identical wording to the final Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, a Ptolemaic Greek translation made in the 2nd - 3rd century BCE, and the Peshitta, a Syriac translation made in the 2nd century CE, occasionally present notable differences from the Masoretic Text, as does the Samaritan Pentateuch, a version of the Torah preserved by the Samaritans in Samaritan Hebrew.
The Masoretic Text is used as the basis for most Protestant translations of the Old Testament such as the King James Version, English Standard Version, New American Standard Version, and New International Version. After 1943, it is also used for some versions of Catholic Bibles, such as the New American Bible and the New Jerusalem Bible. Some Christian denominations instead prefer translations of the Septuagint as it matches quotations in the New Testament, especially by Paul the Apostle.
referencePosted on 29 Apr 2022, this text provides information on Miscellaneous in Academic & Science related to Academic & Science. Please note that while accuracy is prioritized, the data presented might not be entirely correct or up-to-date. This information is offered for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and should not be considered as a substitute for professional advice.
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