NCCD meaning in Community ?

Answer:

What is Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death mean?

Standards for the identification of cell death have changed. Cell death used to be defined and described based on morphology. Now there is a switch in classifying it basing on molecular and genetic definitions. This description is more functional and applies to both in vitro and in vivo, so cell death subroutines are now described by a series of precise, measurable, biochemical features. A set of recommendations for describing the terminology of cell death was proposed by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) in 2009, because misusing words and concepts may slow down progress in the area of cell death research.

The classic definition of death defines it as a state characterized by the cessation of signs of life. It is when a cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane and/or has undergone complete disintegration, including its nucleus, and/or its fragments have been engulfed by a neighboring cell in vivo. It is caused by an irreversible functional imbalance and collapse of the internal organization of a system. The role of cell death is the maintenance of tissue and organ homeostasis , for example, the regular loss of skin cells or a more active role seen in involuting tissues like the thymus.

Cells die either by accident or design. In fact there are two mechanisms of cell death; necrosis and apoptosis (apoptosis in invertebrates is called cell deletion). Dying cells are engaged in a process that is reversible until a first irreversible phase or "point-of-no-return" is trespassed.

Necrosis is an unprogrammed death of cells, which involves early plasma membrane changes leading to loss of calcium and sodium imbalance. This causes acidosis, osmotic shock, clumping of chromatin and nuclear pyknosis. These changes are accompanied by a loss of oxidative phosphorylation, a drop in ATP production, and a loss of homeostatic capability. There are also mitochondrial changes which include calcium overload and activation of phospholipases leading to membrane diffusion signals, a stage of irreversible damage. The secondary stage involves swelling of the lysosome, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum, a leakage of enzymes and proteins and a loss of compartmentalization.

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics and energy-dependent biochemical mechanisms. It is considered a vital component of various processes of life including normal cell turnover, proper development and functioning of the immune system, hormone dependent atrophy, embryonic development and chemical-induced cell death. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose, resulting in separate digits.

reference

Full Form	Category
Neighborhood Christian Center in Decatur, Alabama	Community
Northside Center for Child Development	Community
Northampton County Conservation District	Community
National Christian Convention of the Deaf	Community
National Coordinating Committees on Disability	Community
National Committee for Civil Defense	Community
Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death	Community
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