SEP meaning in Academic & Science ?

Answer:

What is Solar Energetic Particle mean?

Solar energetic particles (SEP) are high-energy particles coming from the Sun. They were first observed in the early 1940s. They consist of protons, electrons and HZE ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to many GeV (the fastest particles can reach a large fraction of the speed of light, as in a "ground-level enhancement", a sudden increase in cosmic ray intensity observed by ground‐based detectors first observed by Scott Forbush). They are of particular interest and importance because they can endanger life in outer space (especially particles above 40 MeV).

Solar energetic particles can originate either from a solar-flare site or by shock waves associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). However, only about 1% of CMEs produce strong SEP events.

SEPs are also of interest because they provide a good sample of solar material. Despite the nuclear fusion occurring in the core, the majority of solar material is representative of the material that formed the solar system. By studying SEP's isotopic composition, scientists can indirectly measure the material that formed the solar system.

Two main mechanisms of acceleration are possible: diffusive shock acceleration (DSA, an example of second-order Fermi acceleration) or the shock-drift mechanism. SEPs can be accelerated to energies of several tens of MeV within 5–10 solar radii (5% of the Sun–Earth distance) and can reach Earth in a few minutes in extreme cases. This makes prediction and warning of SEP events quite challenging.

In March 2021, NASA reported that scientists had located the source of several SEP events, potentially leading to improved predictions in the future.

reference

Full Form	Category
Safety and Environment Protection System	Academic & Science
Scientific Exchange Programme	Academic & Science
Science Exchange Program	Academic & Science
Student Educational Plan	Academic & Science
Special Embassy Program	Academic & Science
Science Evaluation Panel	Academic & Science
Solar Electric Propulsion	Academic & Science
Association of Polish Electrical Engineers	Academic & Science
Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich	Academic & Science
Science Environmental Policy	Academic & Science
Solar Energetic Particle	Academic & Science
Science Exchange Programme	Academic & Science
Systems Engineering Process	Academic & Science
Solar Energetic Particles	Academic & Science
Student Exchange Program	Academic & Science
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