NI meaning in Medical ?

Answer:

What is nicotine mean?

Nicotine is a chiral alkaloid that is naturally produced in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and Duboisia hopwoodii) and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic. As a pharmaceutical drug, it is used for smoking cessation to relieve withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor subunits (nAChRα9 and nAChRα10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist.

Nicotine constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco. Nicotine is also present at ppb-concentrations in the edible family Solanaceae, including potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants, though sources disagree on whether this has any biological significance to human consumers. It functions as an antiherbivore chemical; consequently, nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past, and neonicotinoids, such as imidacloprid, are some of the most effective and widely used insecticides.

Nicotine is highly addictive unless used in slow-release forms. Animal research suggests that monoamine oxidase inhibitors present in tobacco smoke may enhance nicotine's addictive properties. Tobacco with reduced nicotine (denicotinized tobacco) acutely reduces nicotine withdrawal, raises striatal dopamine and is also investigated as add on therapy to standard therapy to quit smoking. An average cigarette yields about 2 mg of absorbed nicotine. The estimated lower dose limit for fatal outcomes is 500–1,000 mg of ingested nicotine for an adult (6.5–13 mg/kg). Nicotine addiction involves drug-reinforced behavior, compulsive use, and relapse following abstinence. Nicotine dependence involves tolerance, sensitization, physical dependence, and psychological dependence. Nicotine dependence causes distress. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms include depressed mood, stress, anxiety, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disturbances. Mild nicotine withdrawal symptoms are measurable in unrestricted smokers, who experience normal moods only as their blood nicotine levels peak, with each cigarette. On quitting, withdrawal symptoms worsen sharply, then gradually improve to a normal state.

Nicotine use as a tool for quitting smoking has a good safety history. Animal studies suggest that nicotine may adversely affect cognitive development in adolescence, but the relevance of these findings to human brain development is disputed. At low amounts, it has a mild analgesic effect. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, "nicotine is not generally considered to be a carcinogen."The Surgeon General of the United States indicates that evidence is inadequate to infer the presence or absence of a causal relationship between exposure to nicotine and risk for cancer. Nicotine has been shown to produce birth defects in some animal species, but not others. It is considered a teratogen in humans. The median lethal dose of nicotine in humans is unknown, but high doses are known to cause nicotine poisoning.

reference

Full Form	Category
Non-Impact	Academic & Science
Non-Insulated	Academic & Science
NERS (Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences) Internal	Academic & Science
Needs Improvement	Academic & Science
Node Identification	Academic & Science
Node Identifier	Academic & Science
Node Initialization	Academic & Science
No Inhibition	Academic & Science
Natural Intelligence	Academic & Science
Nisource, Inc.	Business
Not Indicated	Business
Next Iteration	Business
Not Included	Business
National Insurance	Business
Net Import	Business
Victory Nickel, Inc.	Business
Nickel	Chemistry
Nematic Isotropic	Chemistry
Niel I	Community
Network Interface	Computer and Networking
National ISDN	Computer and Networking
Not Initialized	Computer Assembly Language
No Interface	Computer Hardware
Non-interlaced	Computer Hardware
Nord Invasion	Computer Technology
Non Indexed	Computing
Next Intel	Computing
Nitrogen Injection	Earth Science
No Interleaving	Electronics
Non-inductive	Electronics
Non Inscrits	General
No Idea	General
Natural Inform	General
Not Illustrated	General
No Index	General
No Information	General
NI is	General
Normal Incidence	General
Native Image	General
Nutritional Info	General
Net Income	General
Named Insured	General
Natural Interaction	General
Non Induced	General
National Instructor	General
Non Infected	General
Nebula Interface	General
Ng In	General
Not Interesting	General
Nerdy Individual	General
New Imperium	General
National Income	Governmental
North Island	Governmental
No Issue	Governmental
New Issue	Governmental
Non-Informative	Governmental
NAE, Inc.	Governmental
Non-Indian	Governmental
Notoriety Index	Governmental
Native Indian	Governmental
Not Important	Governmental
Not Identical	Governmental
NAYDONGRI	Indian Railway Station
National Instruments	Information Technology
Novus Imperium	International
Not Interested	Jobs
Number of Inhomogeneities	Maths
Number of Intervals	Maths
Non-inversed	Maths
Negative Infimum	Maths
Neural Invasion	Medical
Neuraminidase Inhibition	Medical
Neurogenic Inflammation	Medical
neuroimaging	Medical
neurointermediate	Medical
Neurologic Impairment	Medical
Neurologic Improvement	Medical
Neurologically Impaired	Medical
Neurologically Intact	Medical
Neutralization Index	Medical
nicotine	Medical
nifedipine	Medical
nimesulide	Medical
Nitrogen Index	Medical
Nitrogen Intake	Medical
Noise Index	Medical
Non-Invasive	Medical
nonischemic	Medical
Nosocomial Infection	Medical
Not Isolated	Medical
Nuclear Inclusion	Medical
Nuclear Index	Medical
Nucleus Intercalatus	Medical
Nucleus Interpositus	Medical
Nursing Informatics	Medical
Nutritional Index	Medical
Introverted iNtuition	Medical
Near Inclusion	Medical
New Instructions	Medical
Not Identified	Medical
Name Identity	Medical
Narcotrend Index	Medical
National Indicator	Medical
Natural Immunity	Medical
necroinflammatory	Medical
Necrosis Index	Medical
Negative Ion	Medical
neointima	Medical
Neostriatum Intermedium	Medical
Not In	Messaging
National Identification (number)	Military and Defence
Noted Item	Military and Defence
Native Infantry	Military and Defence
New Information	Military and Defence
Non Inferiority	Military and Defence
Naval Interdiction	Military and Defence
Node Interface	Networking
Not-inside	Networking
Northern Ireland	Regional