By the Grace of God (Latin Dei Gratia, abbreviated D.G.) is an introductory part of the full styles of a monarch historically considered to be ruling by divine right, not a title in its own right. For example in England and later the United Kingdom, the phrase was used over the course of centuries, most famously in the opening greeting of Magna Carta. It was formally added to the royal style in 1521 and continues to be used to this day. According to the "Royal Proclamation reciting the altered Style and Titles of the Crown" of May 29, 1953, the latest such change of royal title, Elizabeth II's present full title in English is
Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.
In other Commonwealth realms, variations of the style are used, specifying the realm in question and varying some of the other elements of the title.
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