Extremely low frequency (ELF) is the ITU designation for electromagnetic radiation (radio waves) with frequencies from 3 to 30 Hz, and corresponding wavelengths of 100,000 to 10,000 kilometers, respectively. In atmospheric science, an alternative definition is usually given, from 3 Hz to 3 kHz. In the related magnetosphere science, the lower frequency electromagnetic oscillations (pulsations occurring below ~3 Hz) are considered to lie in the ULF range, which is thus also defined differently from the ITU radio bands.
ELF radio waves are generated by lightning and natural disturbances in Earth's magnetic field, so they are a subject of research by atmospheric scientists. Because of the difficulty of building antennas that can radiate such long waves, ELF frequencies have been used in only a very few human-made communication systems. ELF waves can penetrate seawater, which makes them useful in communication with submarines, and a few nations have built military ELF transmitters to transmit signals to their submerged submarines, consisting of huge grounded wire antennas (ground dipoles) 15–60 km (9–37 mi) long driven by transmitters producing megawatts of power. The United States, Russia, India, and China are the only countries known to have constructed these ELF communication facilities. The U.S. facilities were used between 1985 and 2004 but are now decommissioned.
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Expressions for Language Functions | Academic & Science |
Electronic Low Flow | Academic & Science |
Electronic Labor Force | Academic & Science |
Electric Light and Fun | Academic & Science |
Extremely Low Frequencies | Academic & Science |
El Fasher | Airport Code |
Excellent Location Finder | Business |
E-L Financial Corporation, Limited | Business |
Elf Aquitaine | Business |
European Leasing and Finance | Business |
Everyone Loves a Friend | Community |
Electronic Literature Foundation | Community |
Emerging Leaders Forum | Community |
Eat Local Food | Community |
Empowerment, Leadership, and Fun | Community |
Early Learning Four | Community |
Evans Lincoln Franklin | Community |
Early Literacy Fundamentals | Community |
Elimination of Leukaemia Fund | Community |
Ecardiy Language File | Computing |
Extensible Linking Format | Computing |
Extended Language Facility | Computing |
Electronic Location Finder | Computing |
External Line Format | Computing |
Extended Log Format | Computing |
Extended Layer File | Computing |
Extremely Large Fabric | Computing |
Electronic Application Form File | Computing |
Efrei Linux Formation | Computing |
Extension Language Facility | Computing |
Elf Token | Cryptocurrency |
aelf | Cryptocurrency |
Executable Linking Format | File Type |
Enamored Of Legolas Forever | General |
Electronic Life Form | General |
Elevated Leg Forward | General |
Everyone's Little Friend | General |
Elf Liberation Front | General |
Enhanced Liver Fibrosis | General |
Excited Little Foresters | General |
Essence Lubrificant Francaise | General |
Elektronische Luftfederung | General |
Extended Cycle Life Flooded | General |
Encrypted Log File | General |
Extreme Low Frequency | General |
Executable and Linking Format | General |
Emotions Location Feelings | General |
Executable and Linkable File | General |
Extended Lunch Fridays | General |
Every little friend | General |
Eat Learn Frolic | General |
Eliminate Landmines Forever | General |
End Landmines Forever | General |
Environmental Liberation Front | Governmental |
Eritrean Liberation Front | Governmental |
Employee Locator Facility | Governmental |
Earth Liberation Front | Governmental |
Extremely Low Frequency | Information Technology |
Executable and Linkable Format | Information Technology |
Electronic Link Forum | Internet |
Extend Legs Forward | Medical |
Enzyme Linked Fluorescence | Medical |
Eyes, Lips, and Face | Medical |
Exeter Leukemia Fund | Medical |
Engineered Life Form | Medical |
Ever Lasting Friends | Messaging |
Exhibition Logistics and Freight | Messaging |
Exhibition Logistics & Freight | Messaging |
European Liberal Forum | Regional |
European Lung Foundation | Regional |
Essential Lahey Fortran | Softwares |
Extended Lisp Functionality | Softwares |
Embedded Linker Format | Softwares |
English Language Frontend | Softwares |
Extremely Low Frequency (30 - 300 Hz) | Space Science |
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