Hispanic and Latino Americans (Spanish: Estadounidenses latinoamericanos, Portuguese: Estadunidenses latino-americanos) are Americans of Spanish or Latin American ancestry. More broadly, these demographics include all Americans who identify as Hispanic or Latino regardless of ancestry. As of 2019, the Census Bureau estimated that there were almost 60.5 million Hispanics and Latinos living in the United States (18.5% of the overall population).
"Origin" can be viewed as the ancestry, nationality group, lineage or country of birth of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States of America. People who identify as Latino may be of any race. As one of the only two specifically designated categories of ethnicity in the United States (the other being "Not Latino"), Latinos form a pan-ethnicity incorporating a diversity of inter-related cultural and linguistic heritages. Most Latino Americans are of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Salvadoran, Dominican, Guatemalan or Colombian origin. The predominant origin of regional Latino populations varies widely in different locations across the country.
In 2012, Latino/Hispanic Americans were the second fastest-growing ethnic group by percentage growth in the United States after Asian Americans. Latinos of Indigenous descent and Native Americans are the oldest ethnic groups to inhabit much of what is today the United States. Spain colonized large areas of what is today the American Southwest and West Coast, as well as Florida. Its holdings included present-day California, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona and Texas, all of which were part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. Later, this vast territory became part of Mexico after its independence from Spain in 1821 and until the end of the Mexican–American War in 1848. Latino immigrants to the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area derive from a broad spectrum of Latin American countries.
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