The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist) (abbr. CPC (ML)) is a Canadian federal political party founded by Hardial Bains in 1970. The CPC (ML) has been registered with Elections Canada as the Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada since 1974 as the party is prohibited from using the Communist Party name in Canadian elections to avoid confusion among voters. The party developed separately and independently from the Communist Party of Canada (CPC) with its origins among students and intellectuals in Canada during the 1960s. After a period of alignment with Maoism and China, the CPC (ML) pursued a Hoxhaist, pro-Albanian line until the early 1990s.
For most of its history the CPC (ML) was led by its founder, Hardial Bains. After his death, his widow Sandra L. Smith became First Secretary. Elections Canada lists Anna Di Carlo as head of the electorally registered organization. None of the party's candidates has been elected. Since the 1970s, it has had a larger electoral campaign presence than the CPC. It ran its largest number of candidates in 1980 when it nominated 177 candidates, contesting 63 percent of the electoral districts.
It publishes an online news site and usually runs about 70 candidates in federal elections.
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