In microeconomic theory, the marginal rate of technical substitution (MRTS)—or technical rate of substitution (TRS)—is the amount by which the quantity of one input has to be reduced ( − Δ x 2 {\displaystyle -\Delta x_{2}} ) when one extra unit of another input is used ( Δ x 1 = 1 {\displaystyle \Delta x_{1}=1} ), so that output remains constant ( y = y ¯ {\displaystyle y={\bar {y}}} ).
M R T S ( x 1 , x 2 ) = − Δ x 2 Δ x 1 = M P 1 M P 2 {\displaystyle MRTS(x_{1},x_{2})=-{\frac {\Delta x_{2}}{\Delta x_{1}}}={\frac {MP_{1}}{MP_{2}}}}
where M P 1 {\displaystyle MP_{1}} and M P 2 reference
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