Nonverbal learning disorder (NLD or NVLD) or visual-spatial learning disorder is a proposed classification of neurodevelopmental disorder primarily characterized by deficits in visuospacial processing. Additional proposed diagnostic criteria include Average to Superior verbal intelligence and decreased visuoconstruction abilities, fine-motor coordination, mathematical reasoning, visuospatial memory and social skills. "While NVLD is not classified into any distinct diagnosis in DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) or ICD-10 (World Health Organization, 1992), it does have a robust research base." "The majority of researchers and clinicians agree that the profile of NLD clearly exists...but they disagree on the need for a specific clinical category and on the criteria for its identification." One researcher notes, "just because we cannot reasonably place such children into our present classification scheme does not mean they do not exist."
There is diagnostic overlap between Nonverbal learning disorder and autism spectrum disorder, and some clinicians and researchers consider them to be the same condition. In clinical settings, some diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder would be more appropriately classified as NVLD.
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