A network on a chip or network-on-chip (NoC en-oh-SEE or knock) is a network-based communications subsystem on an integrated circuit ("microchip"), most typically between modules in a system on a chip (SoC). The modules on the IC are typically semiconductor IP cores schematizing various functions of the computer system, and are designed to be modular in the sense of network science. The network on chip is a router-based packet switching network between SoC modules.
NoC technology applies the theory and methods of computer networking to on-chip communication and brings notable improvements over conventional bus and crossbar communication architectures. Networks-on-chip come in many network topologies, many of which are still experimental as of 2018.
NoCs improve the scalability of systems-on-chip and the power efficiency of complex SoCs compared to other communication subsystem designs. A common NoC used in contemporary personal computers is a graphics processing unit (GPU) — commonly used in computer graphics, video gaming and accelerating artificial intelligence. They are an emerging technology, with projections for large growth in the near future as manycore computer architectures become more common.
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