The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is named for its use of an organic, high molecular mass fluid with a liquid-vapor phase change, or boiling point, occurring at a lower temperature than the water-steam phase change. The fluid allows Rankine cycle heat recovery from lower temperature sources such as biomass combustion, industrial waste heat, geothermal heat, solar ponds etc. The low-temperature heat is converted into useful work, that can itself be converted into electricity.
The technology was developed in the late 1950s by Lucien Bronicki and Harry Zvi Tabor.
Naphtha engines, similar in principle to ORC but developed for other applications, were in use as early as the 1890s.
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