The United Nations has played an advisory role in maintaining peace and order in the Kashmir region soon after the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, when a dispute erupted between the two States on the question of Jammu and Kashmir. India took this matter to the UN Security Council, which passed resolution 39 (1948) and established the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) to investigate the issues and mediate between the two countries. Following the cease-fire of hostilities, it also established the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) to monitor the cease-fire line.
With regard to United Nations, India has undergone a shift from internationalization (1948 to 1950-1965) of the Kashmir (India-Pakistan) question to a preference and insistence on bilateralism (1965-1972 onwards), while Pakistan has largely preferred internationalization of the issue through various bodies of the United Nations. India's shift includes the substantial change in policy during the 1950s and onwards related to self-determination and conducting a plebiscite.
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