The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA), P.L. 99-410, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1973ff–1973ff-6, 39 U.S.C. § 3406, 18 U.S.C. §§ 608–609, is a United States federal law dealing with elections and voting rights for United States citizens residing overseas. The act requires that all U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands allow certain U.S. citizens to register to vote and to vote by absentee ballot in federal elections. The act is Public Law 99-410 and was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on August 28, 1986.
Groups of people covered under the act are:
Members of the seven Uniformed ServicesMembers of the U.S. Merchant MarineEligible family members of the aboveU.S. citizens employed by the federal government residing outside the U.S.Other private U.S. citizens residing outside the United StatesThe act provides for an emergency back-up ballot, the Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB), which can be cast by voters who "have made a timely application for but have not received their regular ballot from the state or territory, subject to certain conditions." Postage is free for UOCAVA registrations and ballots, including FWAB.
The act does not apply to non-federal elections, although some states and territories also allow citizens covered by the UOCAVA to register and vote in state and local elections as well. Before 1986 there had been some access to voting from abroad, but it varied.
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